READING

BOOK REVIEW

Bibliogrhaphic Citation

Hasibuan, J. J., & Moedjiono. (2009). Proses Belajar Mengajar. Bandung: PT Rosdakarya.

Introduction

The book I choose to review for this assignment is entitled Proses Belajar  Mengajar by author Hasibuan (2009). This book introduces basic strategy in teaching learning process. It defines teaching learning process is process of teaching learning where instructors or teacher give presentation with certain technique. As we know, teaching learning process is very important because many people smart in subject of knowledge, but they can not teach their knowledge. According to “Prof. Dr. Nugroho Notosusanto, former of Minister Education and Cultural, he said that only two occupations in this world are the teacher and non teacher. Why ? because one of identities in occupation of teacher who differentiates with occupation of  non teacher is teaching”(Hasibuan, 2008, p. vii).

This book can be used by all students of education programs or academicians who want to learn methods of teaching. Students of  education programs is obligated to master lessons about teaching because they are prepared to become profesional teachers in the future.

Summary

The author of Proses Belajar Mengajar divided by two parts are Strategi Belajar Mengajar and Analisis Model Mengajar dan Pengajaran Mikro.

The book explains some techniques of teaching and problems of teaching. “Techniques of teaching is a knowledge about methods of teaching which is used by teachers or instructors. The other definition of techniques of teaching is a technique of presentation that is used by teachers  to teach subject of knowledge to students at Class, so that the subject of knowledge is understood well by students” (Roestiyah, 2008, p. 1).

The book starts to explain the real of strategy of teaching learning and method of teaching. ”Strategy of  teaching learning is general pattern of action between teacher and students in teaching learning process. The author defferentiates strategy of teaching learning with method of teaching. Method of teaching is tool that be used in strategy of teaching learning or manner of implementation in strategy of teaching learning. Method of teaching is also a tool to achive learning purpose” (Hasibuan, 2008, p. 3).

Some methods of teaching are method of speech, method of question, discussion, small groups, simulation, and method of demonstration. The methods can develop our knowledge. “we study: 10% from what we read, 20% from what we listen, 30% from what we see, 50% from what we see and listen, 70% from what we say, 90% from what we say and do” (Deporter et al., 1999, p. 57).

The book then analyzes style of  microteaching. ”Microteaching is as performance training method designed to isolate the component parts of teaching process, so that the trainee can master each component one by one in a simplified teaching situation” (Knight & Laughlin, 1971 as cited in Hasibuan, 2009, p. 44).

Critique

If we see the title of the book is “Proses Belajar Mengajar” from content side the book is not complete or bad to be used as refrence for teaching learning process.

First, content of the book does not explain teaching learning process with a method using of high technology. The modern methods is not mentioned in this book. The modern  method is a modern method for presentation a lesson to students. Such as, process of  teaching learning by computer, and LCD. The method of using technology in teaching learning process is very important understood. “ Developments of modern era can be signed with advance of knowledge and high technology. So that way, in teaching learning process should be developed with new methods. One of the way is teaching learning process by using of computer. Using of computer can help to search new informations, and new knowledges” (Roestiyah, 2008, p. 154).

Secondly, content of the book is method that makes student to be bored. The method that I means is speech method in the book. The method of speech is a manner to deliver a lesson with oral communication. It is seen as traditional method that makes students who be passive, not suitable for development student skills, and sometimes the teacher becomes authoritarian.

The explanation is cleared by the other book that “ Teaching process which is most traditional and longest in history of education is teaching process of speech method. Since long time, the teachers delivered their knowledge to students with oral cummunication or speech method. Speech method sometime makes students bored” (Roetiyah, 2008, p. 136).

Recommendation

            I would like to say that I would reccomend this book to people who want to learn about techniques of teaching learning process. I can conclude that starting from the first page untill the last page in this book is simple book. The book are simple because its language is easy to be understood, and its page is not too long. I had no any difficulty to understand it.

            In general aspect of the book is well to be used as refrence. Although, there is weakness of the book, but the  weakness of the  book is only there is no presentation of learning teaching method by cumputer. The big part of side in the book explains method that is very useful for student of education program or someone who wants to be good teacher in the future.                                                                                                                                                                                         

References

Hasibuan, J. J., & Moedjiono. (2009). Proses Belajar Mengajar. Bandung: PT Remaja

 Rosdakarya.

Roestiyah, N. K. (2008). Strategi Belajar Mengajar. Jakarta: Renika Cipta.

Deporter, B., Reardon, M., & Singer-Nourie, S. (1999). Quantum Teaching: Orchestratin

Student Succes. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.                                                

                       

CRISIS of BROTHERHOOD

SPEAKING

JUSTANG PBI 3

THE CRISIS OF BROTHERHOOD

A.   Definition of Brotherhood

Brotherhood in a general sense is the establishment of relationship between individuals who bound each other by a sense of  togetherness.

If we speak about Brotherhood, we often hear  The term of islamic brotherhood  is not meaningful  brotherhood among the people
Islam, but the brotherhood that is based on the teachings of Islam or
which is Islamic brotherhood. Therefore the scope Islamic Brotherhood
not only between Muslims with other Muslims but also
brotherhood with non-Muslims, even with other creatures.

"Brotherhood", it symbolizes, that the intimate relationship between all human being and members joined in it,  like a brotherly relationship between man and the man who comes from one womb; ang relationship that does not distinguish who am "I" ?  and who are "you " ??.

B.   The Causes  Of  The Crisis of Brotherhood

a.     Fanaticism  Groups

Fanaticism group is a group where  assume that his  group is higher than other group, such    as racism.  

b.    Individuals Deffrences

1.     Individual differences, including differences in the establishment and feelings.
Every human being is a unique individual. That is way  every person has the stance and feelings different from one another. Differences establishment and feeling of something or a real environment can be a factor causing social conflict, because to live a social relationship, a person is not always in line with the group. For example, when musical performances take place in the neighborhood, of every citizen will feel different. There is a feeling disturbed because of noisy, but some are amused.

2.     Background of cultural differences, so as to form different personalities.
Someone a little more will be affected by patterns of thought and the establishment of the group. Establishment of different thoughts and it will ultimately result in individual differences that can lead to conflict.

3.     Differences of interest between individuals or groups.
Humans have feelings, and the establishment of different cultural backgrounds. Therefore, in the same time, each person or group has different interests. Sometimes people can do the same thing, but for different purposes.

C.   Basis of Brotherhood in Holy Quran/ Hadit

a.     Holy Quran

 

 “ The believers are in single botherhood, so make peace between  

your brothers. And fear Allah that you may receive mercy . “

( Al- Hujarah  verse  : 10 )

b.    Hadit

Messanger of Allah said,

·        Our group is not included anyone who calls to asabiyya (fanaticism group). And whoever does not include our group who fought on the basis of asabiyya (fanaticism group). And whoever does not include our group who was killed in the name of ashobiyyah (fanaticism group). "(Narrated by Abu Dawood)”.

·        “ Allah doesn’t look at your appearance or your possessions, but He looks at your heart and your deeds. “ ( looked  : Abu Hurairah and Muslim).

Academic Writnig

Academic  Writing

Academic writing is formal writing. It becomes  primer necessery for universities students for  academic activities. It is only done by Students of Universities, lecturer, profesional teacher not from the Students of  Elementary School, group businessman, farmers, sailors, and the other occupations. For examples, making paper, presentation, thesis, essay, and many others. The arranging  must has well language, good structurs, and good  writing rules. And also academic writing has to avoid jargon language, slengs, and abbreviations. In academic writing, writers have to be able to explain topic that be taken, so that readers can understand well what delivered writers. It has to has main idea, supporting idea every praghrap to unite arguments writers.

One of views about academic writing is difficult. Every sentence with the other sentence should be supporting each other. “ Almost all respondents noted a degree of dissatifsfaction with their use of English in the professional writing. This varied from issues of  formal correctness, such as article and punctuation use, and stylistic issues such as the use of passive voice and long sentences, to more complex areas such astone, richness, word choice, and idiomaticity“ (Buckingham, 2008, p. 8).

Academic writing should be formal writing style. Formal writing style that be meant here is writing style  that according to International  writing style. It has been agreed and known togheter. Such as, avoiding contractions, examples: won’t /WILL NOT,  aren’t / ARE NOT.  Part of writers think that in academic writing should avoid using pronoun  I, You,  and We. The use of I or we does not necessarily make a piece of writing in informal. The vocabulary shift and some of the other features listed above are more important for maintaining a consistent academic style (Kayfets, 2009). Some writers  think  that   they should never use  the pronoun  I  (and its forms, including  me, my,  and  mine) in academic writing, but this is not always true. Personal naratives require the use of personal  opinions and personal evidence  which feature  the use of  I  pronouns  (Fellag, 2011).

Academc writing  has to be analysed every paragraph. One of important point should be attended is paragraph. So that, information that be caught from writers, can be understood from the paragraph that be analysed. It needs strong analysis as  “These analyses  looked at organizational patterns in the texts such as compare and contrast, cause and effect, definition, problem-solution, and the linguistic means by which these patterns arre expressed in discourse“ (Paltridge, 2004).

Academic writing style should be objective and rational. Objective based on things which can be seen or measured on personal feelings. It must contain more facts and details. Rational that meant is using clear thinking to make decisions and judgements based on reason, rather than passionate arguments againts a doctrine or belief.

 Academic writing is formal writing. It becomes primer necessery for students of university in academic activities. It is difficult because should be formal writing style, good grammar, anlysis, objective, and rational.

 References

Buckingham,  L. (2008). Develovment of english academic writing competence by  turkish scholars. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 3, 1-18.

Fellag, L. R. (2010). Looking ahead 2  learning about  academic wiriting. Boston: Heinle & Heinle Publisher.

Hamman, L. (2005). Self-regulation in academic writing tasks. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 17, 15-26.

Patridge,  B. (2004). Academic writing. Cambridge Journal, 37, 87-105.

Crisis of Brotherhood